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Writing Bootloader,Hello World Bootloader Tutorial | TAJ Operating System
12 bit addresses are used here. A 12-bit address can represent values from
0x000
to0xFFF
(0–4095).
The FAT file system views the storage media as a flat array of clusters. If the physical media does not address its data as a flat list of sectors (really old hard disks and floppy disks) then the cluster numbers will need to be translated before being sent to the disk. The storage media is organized into three basic areas.
FatFs - Generic FAT Filesystem Module
FAT File System Tutorial | viralpatel.net